Earth Science: Genetics Human – Feature Characteristics: Translation The genetic code is shared by all organisms and is made up of codons. Combinations of these instruct the formation of the amino acids that are used in protein biosynthesis. The structure of DNA consists of nucleic acids with four different nitrogen bases. Of these, a unit … Read more
Earth Science: Biology Human – Genetics and Heredity- A Feature Characteristics: Transcription Following the one-gene-one-polypeptide hypothesis, one particular gene is always responsible for forming one polypeptide. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) plays an essential role in converting genetic information into proteins. RNA is found in the cell nucleus as well as in cytoplasm, the cell interior; in … Read more
Earth Science: Genetics Human- Hereditary rules Classic genetics is the study of hereditary laws of individuals passing genes to their descendants. The first geneticist was a monk called Johann Gregor Mendel, who formulated the first genetic laws during the 19th century. Initially, Mendel carried out his experiments using homozygous pea plants, which only differed in … Read more
Earth Science: Genetics and Heredity – Genetics The science of genetics examines the mechanisms governing the inheritance of traits by the offspring of living things. Within the field, a distinction is often made between general or classical genetics, which deals mainly with the formal aspects of heredity, and molecular genetics, which researches the underlying phenomena … Read more
Earth Science: Genetics and Heredity After Gregor Mendel made the first fundamental discoveries about the inheritance of genetic information some 150 years ago, many further questions about genome functioning and structure could be answered. Within a relatively short period of time humans have gained much valuable knowledge about fundamental molecular processes involved in gene expression, … Read more
Earth Science: Immune System Human – Immune Response to Disease Harmful bacteria, viruses, and other materials are constantly present in the environment and can cause illness and disease. To protect itself, the human body uses its immune system. The role of the immune system is to recognize defective and foreign cells and combat them using … Read more
Earth Science: Biology – Humans – Immune System The human immune system is responsible for protecting the body from pathogens. There are two types of immune systems: the innate nonspecific resistance fights germs by means of low pH values (stomach) or macrophages (leuocytes in the blood and tissue); the specific resistance is an acquired resistance … Read more
Earth Science: Human – Sensory Organs – Skin Tactile senses allow for the conscious sensation of stimuli such as touch, pressure, temperature, pain, and vibration. The skin is not equally receptive to stimuli, but sensitive at certain points containing sensory receptors. Tactile senses can be divided into the sense of touch, the sensation of hot … Read more
Earth Science: Humans – Nose and Tongue The senses of smell and taste are closely related to each other. This becomes obvious when a person has a cold; even the tastiest food seems bland due to an otherwise healthy, but now diminished sense of smell. The olfactory epithelium inside the superior nasal concha is responsible … Read more
Earth Science: Human – Sensory Organs – The Ear Animals often require good hearing for hunting or defense behavior. Humans mostly use hearing for communication among each other. The human ear can be divided into three sections: the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear consists of the auricle, the auditory canal lined with … Read more
