Iraq is often referred to as a “cradle of civilization” , and Mesopotamia – present-day Iraq – was one of the first places on Earth where people began to live together. Iraq is also home to many powerful empires of which below are 4 typical examples.
The independent state of Babylon was founded by the Amorite leader Sumuabum in 1894 BC. The first dynasty of the Amorites built the city of Babylon, which later became the Old Babylonian Empire, one of the oldest empires in world history.
Babylon is an outstanding example of man’s ability to achieve great goals, using all the means at his disposal. Besides the development of agriculture, the scientific achievements of an ancient civilization were also developed brilliantly and contributed to the development of mankind today.
The Babylonians knew anatomy and described 40 diseases. The medical protector Nilghidzida, represented by a snake wrapped around a staff, is used as a medical symbol today. In math, they know squaring, root squares, pi, right triangle theorem. The people of Mesopotamia used a basic numbering system 60.
Assyria was an Akkadian kingdom that began to exist as a state from the late 25th or early 24th centuries BC (BC) to 608 BC with its center at the upper Tigris River, to the east of the river. northern Mesopotamia (today northern Iraq).
During the 20th century BC, Assyria established colonies in Asia Minor, and under King Ilusuma the empire asserted its dominance over all of southern Mesopotamia. From the late 19th century BC, Assyria was engaged in war with the newly established Babylonian state that eventually eclipsed the Sumer-Akkadian states to the south.
After its fall, (between 612 BC and 605 BC), Assyria existed as a province and a geopolitical unit under Babylonian, Medes, Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, Roman and imperial rule Sassanid until the Arab Muslim invasion and conquest of Mesopotamia in the mid-7th century AD, when it was finally dissolved.
The Akkadian Empire was the first ancient Semitic-speaking empire of Mesopotamia, centered in the city of Akkad in ancient Mesopotamia and the land around it is also referred to in the Bible as Akkad.
The Akkadian Empire reached its peak sometime between the 24th and 22nd centuries BC, following the conquests of its founder king. During the reign of Sargon and his successors, the neighboring countries conquered by them such as Elam and Guti had to speak Akkadian for a short time. At times, Akkad is considered the first empire in history, although the meaning of the term is incorrect, and there are many who argue that it should have belonged to the Sumerians before that.
After the fall of the Akkadian Empire, the people of Mesopotamia were finally united into two Akkadian-speaking powers: Assyria to the north, and a few centuries later Babylonia to the south.
The Sumerians are known to have first settled in southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq) more than 7,000 years ago. By the 4th millennium BC, this civilization had established an advanced writing system, architecture, art, astronomy and mathematics. The Akkadians followed in the Sumerian footsteps, borrowing their culture, creating a new language of their own and the world’s first empire.
The origin of the Sumerians remains a mystery to this day. They call themselves Saggiga (“bald people” or “black-headed people” ) and their country Kengi (“civilized land” ). Some people believe they came from all over Anatolia (modern day Türkiye). Others have suggested that they may be from India and are white in the country. At least around 3500 BC, they settled in southern Babylon, present-day Iraq.