Many people think that the Kremlin is only in Moscow, but in fact Russia has many Kremlins.
Kremlin, Russian кремль, meaning castle or fortress, is a complex of fortresses in many historic cities in Russia.
The word Kremlin is commonly used to refer to the Kremlin, or the Moscow Kremlin , and is often used as a metonym for the government of the Russian Federation, similar to “White House” being the metonymy of the Executive Office of the Governor-General. US president.
Veliky Novgorod. (Photo: Legion Media).
Under Tsar Ivan IV, Veliky Novgorod, located 531 km north of Moscow, began to strain with the tsarist government. After receiving notice that Novgorod intended to cut ties with the Grand Duchy of Moscow (Muscovy), Tsar Ivan IV immediately surrounded and attacked the city.
Legend has it that the carnage ended only when a dove flew across many seas, landed on a cross on the roof of Saint Sophia’s Church, and turned to stone after witnessing scenes of violence on the side. below.
Perhaps the origin of this legend comes from the Byzantine custom of decorating churches with iron doves. The culture of the Byzantine Empire had a great influence on the newly established Grand Duchy of Moscow.
Before the 14th century, the area was known as the Detinets, or “fortress”, as a training ground for princes, who were nicknamed “children” or “children”. Along with the Kremlin in Moscow, it is also recognized by UNESCO as a world heritage site.
Tula. (Photo: Legion Media).
After the death of Tsar Ivan IV, Russia fell into the Age of Chaos. The Kremlin Tula, located 180 kilometers from Moscow, has almost become the place to replace the role of the tsar’s residence that was previously assumed by the Kremlin in Moscow.
Here, False Dmitri 1, who claimed to be the youngest son of Tsar Ivan IV the Great, swore allegiance to Russian heroes and the Russian aristocracy.
Kremlin Tula was built by Italian architects, who came to Tula after completing the construction of the Moscow Kremlin. Historians say the stronghold was built by different teams, leaving the walls distinctly different.
Zaraysk. (Photo: Legion Media).
The Zaraysk Kremlin, located about 150 km from Moscow, was one of the fortresses loyal to the Moscow court during the Time of Chaos (1598-1613).
It is also the smallest fortress of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. From Zaraysk, Prince Dmitry Pozhasky, with an army of volunteers, made the first attempt to liberate Moscow from the Polish occupation forces.
Although this kremlin is modest in size, it has survived many sieges, only once having the city fallen briefly during times of turmoil.
It is said that the Zaraysk kremlin has an undiscovered tunnel, connecting the kremlin with a dungeon and towers that are the real strength of the Zaraysk kremlin.
Kolomna. (Photo: Legion Media).
During the 18th to early 19th centuries, the Kolomna Kremlin, located 120 kilometers south of Moscow, was one of the largest fortresses. However, the surrounding people dismantled the walls as building materials. Tsar Nicholas I had to issue a decree to protect the rest of this fortress.
Kremlin Koloma consists of 17 towers, one of which is named after Marina Mniszech, wife of Dimitry False 1 and who was imprisoned in this tower until her death. Legend has it that she did not die but turned into a magpie and flew out of the tower.
Tobolsk. (Photo: Legion Media).
Tobolsk is located 2,414km east of Moscow, whose bell tower is where the bell is located in the city of Uglich (233km from Moscow). This bell sounded the alarm when Prince Dmitry, the real son of Ivan the Terrible, was murdered.
Prince Shuisky punished the bell like a human, the pendulum (“tongue” in Russian) and hook (“bell ear” in Russian) were cut off, and the bell was exiled to Siberia.
Kazan. (Photo: Legion Media).
The Kazan Kremlin, located 804 kilometers east of Moscow, attracts many treasure hunters, as the Tatar Khans used to divide the spoils taken from other Russian principalities. The Kazan Kremlin is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. One of the highlights of this kremlin is the Syuyumbike watchtower.
Legend has it that the beauty of the Tatar queen Syuyumbike touched the heart of Tsar Ivan the Terrible and he set his eyes on Syuyumbike, but the proud queen refused.
Ivan the Emperor became angry and attacked Kazan, and Queen Syuyumbike was forced to accept the marriage proposal. She asked her fiancé to build a tower in 7 days, and then she committed suicide from the top floor of the tower right at the wedding.
Pskov. (Photo: Legion Media).
Pskov, located 724 km west of Moscow, is the hometown of Princess Olga, Russia’s first aristocrat to convert to Christianity. Princess Olga personally oversaw the construction of the Pskov kremlin.
In the center of the fortress there is a church, according to legend, princess Olga built this church after she saw three rays of light coming down from the sky, gathering on the ledge where the two rivers met. together. After seeing this scene, Princess Olga ordered the construction of the Trinity Church and the fortress.
Nizhny Novgorod. (Photo: Legion Media).
Nizhny Novgorod Stone Fort, located 418 km east of Moscow, built in the 16th century, this fortress looks like a stone chain stretching across the slopes of the Chasovaya mountain. Legend has it that, in 1520, the Tatars were about to attack Nizhny Novgorod, but the plan was revealed by a girl who went to fetch water.
With the pole, this girl killed 10 enemy scouts who were loitering near the wall to scout the terrain before attacking. The survivors returned with a report that alarmed the Tatar commanders: If only one woman were to do this, how strong were the men here. The Tatars fled after that.
At the beginning of the 17th century, Nizhny Novgorod became a stronghold of resistance against the Polish invaders. The volunteer army led by Kazma Minin and Prince Pozharsky attacked the Poles from here, and defended the Grand Duchy of Moscow during the Time of Chaos.
Astrakhan. (Photo: Legion Media).
Astrakhan Fort is where Ivan the Great marked the ownership of the city of Astrakhan on the Caspian Sea. In the 19th century, in this Kremlin stood one of Russia’s famous leaning towers, the Varvatsie Bell Tower.
This bell tower became the subject of many contemporary painters and photographers. But after a period of consideration between safety and tourism prospects, in 1910 this tower was demolished and replaced with another tower that did not tilt.
Moscow. (Photo: Legion Media).
The Moscow Kremlin, or Kremlin, is the best known of Russia’s kremlin, built in 1482 to replace the medieval white brick fortress.
The highlight of the Moscow Kremlin is the Spasskaya Tower, home to the Kremlin clock, once a year, when the clock strikes 12 o’clock, Russians raise a glass of champagne to celebrate the new year.
Today, the Moscow Kremlin is the residence of the President of Russia. The Tsar Bell, Tsar Cannon, Taynitskaya Tower and the Armory inside the Kremlin are popular tourist attractions. The Moscow Kremlin is recognized by UNESCO as a world heritage site.