Here are the basic knowledge about soil as well as the process of soil formation, invite you to consult!
Soil in general terms is the material lying on the Earth’s surface, capable of supporting plant growth and serving as a habitat for animal life forms from microorganisms to plants. small animals.
Soil or soil is the outermost layer of the lithosphere that is naturally changed under the combined action of water, air, and living things.
The main components of the soil are: minerals, water, air, humus and all kinds of organisms from microorganisms to insects, arthropods etc..
Soil has a very characteristic morphological structure, considering a soil profile, it can be seen that the structure stratification from top to bottom is as follows:
The mineral composition of the soil includes three main types: inorganic minerals, organic minerals and organic matter . Inorganic minerals are mineral fragments or broken rock that have been decomposed into secondary minerals. Organic matter is the dead bodies of plants and animals that have been decomposed by microorganisms in the soil. Organic minerals are mainly humate salts formed by organic matter after decomposition. In addition to the above, water, air, organisms and colloidal clay interact with each other to form an interactive system of cyclic cycles of the nutritional elements nitrogen, phosphorus, etc..
Chemical elements in soil exist in the form of inorganic and organic compounds with variable content and depend on the process of soil formation. The chemical composition of soil and parent rock at the early stage of soil formation are closely related. Later, the chemical composition of the soil depends heavily on the development of the soil, the chemical, physical, and biological processes in the soil and human impact.
Soil formation is a long and complex process, which can be divided into three groups: weathering process, accumulation and transformation of organic matter in the soil, mineral movement organic matter and materials in the soil. Participating in the formation of soil has the following factors: bedrock, organisms, climate regime, topography, and time. These factors interact complexly with each other to create the diversity of soil types on the lithosphere surface.
Besides the process of soil formation, the Earth’s surface topography is also influenced by many other natural phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanoes, surface elevation and subsidence, the impact of rainwater, currents flows, waves, winds, glaciers and human activity.